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18 Facts How To Design Concrete Floor Slab | Concrete Floor Slabs
- The lateral maximum spacing of the bars, except those used only to control shrinkage and temperature cracks, should not exceed 3 times the thickness (h) or 450 mm, whichever is smaller. The maximum spacing between shrinkage and temperature reinforcement bars is five times the slab thickness or 450 mm, whichever is smaller. The minimum distance is 25 mm, the diameter of steel bar, or (4/3* maximum aggregate size). - Source: Internet
- The concrete protection below the reinforcement should follow the requirements of ACI Code 20.5.1.3, calling for 20 mm below the bottom of the steel. In a typical slab, 25 mm below the center of the steel may be assumed. - Source: Internet
- The main reinforcements are placed perpendicular to the supports of the slab i.e. they are responsible for transferring loads to the supports as shown in Figure-3. The purpose of design calculation is to compute the required quantity of the primary reinforcement. - Source: Internet
- Create control joints no farther apart than 24 to 30 times the slab thickness and at no time greater than 15 feet along both the width and length of the slab by pressing a 1-inch deep grooving tool into the surface. Joint spacing greater than 15 feet requires the use of load transfer devices such as dowels or dowel plates. For slabs that require long joint spacing or no joints, steel reinforcement is recommended. It will increase the potential for random cracking, but will hold cracks tightly to ensure good structural performance. - Source: Internet
- In which direction is the main reinforcement provided in one-way slab? The main reinforcement is placed parallel to the shorter direction of the slab. However, if the slab is supported on only two sides, the main reinforcement is placed perpendicular to the supports. The secondary reinforcements or distributed reinforcement are placed transverse to the main reinforcement. - Source: Internet
- Based on minimum compressive strength specified by ACI 318-19. Based on the strength requirements of a structure under consideration. Based on the durability requirements of the structure. Sometimes, the durability requirements enforce the use of high concrete compressive strength. - Source: Internet
- The strip illustrated in Figure-2 can be analyzed by the methods that are used for rectangular beams. The bending moment is computed for the strip of unit width. The load per unit area on the slab becomes the load per unit length on the slab strip. Since all the loads on the slab must be transmitted to the two supporting beams, all the reinforcement should be placed at right angles to these beams, with the exception of any bars that may be placed in the other direction to control shrinkage and temperature cracking. Therefore, a one-way slab consists of a set of rectangular beams side by side. - Source: Internet
- The structural action of a one-way slab can be visualized in terms of the deformed shape of the loaded surface. The deflected shape of a rectangular slab, simply supported along its two opposite long edges and free of any support along the two-opposite short edges is shown in Figure-1. The deflected shape is shown by solid lines. - Source: Internet
- What is a one-way slab? When a rectangular slab is supported on all four sides, but the ratio of the longer side, L, to the shorter side, S, is 2 or more, L/S ≥ 2.0, then, the slab will act as a one-way slab, with bending primarily occurring in the short direction. Main reinforcement is placed in the shorter direction which is the span, while shrinkage reinforcement is provided in the longer direction to limit cracking. - Source: Internet
- The primary reinforcement can be computed using the flexural formula of the beam. The process involves estimating loads on the slab and then calculating the applied moment. One can find area of main reinforcement by equating applied moment to resisting moment. This calculation procedure is discussed in the design procedure of the one-way slab below. - Source: Internet
- As for the concrete mix, it must meet compressive strength requirements (usually 3000 pounds per square inch) without measures that cause excessive shrinkage. Because water increases shrinkage and cracking, a plasticizer is preferable to achieve desired slump. Also, consider including fibers to control plastic shrinkage cracking. Higher strength and entrained air may be required for exterior slabs exposed to freezing weather or deicing chemicals. When in doubt ask the concrete supplier for a recommended mix. - Source: Internet
- When a rectangular slab is supported on all four sides, but the ratio of the longer side, L, to the shorter side, S, is 2 or more, L/S ≥ 2.0, then, the slab will act as a one-way slab, with bending primarily occurring in the short direction. The main reinforcement is placed in the shorter direction which is the span, while shrinkage reinforcement is provided in the longer direction to limit cracking. - Source: Internet
- Straight and bent bars are placed alternately in the floor slab. The location of bent points should be checked for flexural, shear, and development length requirements. For normal loading in buildings, the bar details at the end and interior spans of one-way solid slabs may be adopted. - Source: Internet
- Slabs are used to provide flat, useful surfaces. A reinforced concrete slab is a broad, flat plate, usually horizontal, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or nearly so. Slabs may be supported by reinforced concrete beams, masonry or reinforced concrete walls, structural steel members, columns, and continuously by the ground. - Source: Internet
- The bar size should be selected so that the actual spacing is not less than about 1.5 times the slab thickness, to avoid excessive cost for bar fabrication and handling. Also, to reduce cost, straight bars are usually used for slab reinforcement. - Source: Internet
- Distribute the concrete around the slab area as close to its final position as possible, and then rake it into position. Consolidate low-slump mixes with a handheld vibrator or use a vibratory screed. Finish with the minimum force and strokes of the float necessary to achieve a smooth surface. - Source: Internet
- One-way slab is a type of concrete slab in which loads are transferred in one direction to the supporting beams and columns. Therefore, the bending occurs in only one direction. The design of one-way slab is simple and can be carried out easily. - Source: Internet
- For solid non-prestressed slabs not supporting or attached to partitions or other construction likely to be damaged by large deflections, overall slab thickness (h) shall not be less than the limits in Table-1, unless the calculated deflection limits of 7.3.2 are satisfied. - Source: Internet
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